STS-61A

**STS-61A**
Organization	NASA-Office of Space Flight (United States)
Mission type	Human Crew
Launch date	October 30, 1985
Launch vehicle	Space Shuttle
Launch site	Cape Canaveral, United States
COSPAR ID	1985-104A
Inclination	57 degrees
Experiments	Here
Alternate Names	STS 22,Spacelab-D1,16230
Additional Information	Here
Data Collection	Here
Payload Mass Up	14905.49 kg
Payload Mass Down	14414.09 kg
Orbiter	Challenger
Lift Off Mass	2,049,316.36 kg
Orbiter Weight at Liftoff	110,800.91 kg
Orbiter Weight at Landing	97,350.45 kg
Landed	Runway 17 dry lake bed at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.
Orbits of Earth	111
Orbital Altitude	180 nautical miles (207 statute miles)

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[edit] Crew

Commander: Henry W. Hartsfield Jr.
Pilot: Steven R. Nagel
- Payload Commander:
- Mission Specialist 1: James F. Buchli
- Mission Specialist 2: Guion S. Bluford Jr.
- Mission Specialist 3: Bonnie J. Dunbar
- Mission Specialist 4:
- Mission Specialist 5:
- Payload Specialist 1: Reinhard Furrer, West Germany
- Payload Specialist 2: Wubbo Ockels, Netherlands, Ernst Messerschmid, West Germany

ISS/Mir Crew Transport

[edit] Mission

The primary objective of the Spacelab D-1 mission was to conduct basic and applied materials processing research in the Spacelab module funded by DFVLR, and in the Materials Experiment Assembly (MEA) funded by NASA. Life sciences investigations were also conducted in the microgravity environment of space. Approximately 70 investigations were defined covering fluid physics, solidification of crystals and metals, and human and plant cell responses to weightlessness. The NASA MEA supported experiments in vapor crystal growth, immiscible alloy solidification, and containerless processing of glass forming melts. Foreign investigations in the materials science discipline used the following three facilities: a Material Laboratory which included isothermal heating equipment, mirror heating equipment, gradient heating equipment (CNES), a fluid physics module, a cryostat, a high temperature thermostat, and an ultra-high vacuum chamber; the MEDEA structure which included gradient heating equipment with quenching capability, a monoellipsoidal mirror furnace, and a high precision thermostat; and the Process Chamber which included a holographic diagnostic unit, an interdiffusion in salt solutions experiment, and a convection experiment. Most investigators were German; however, there were researchers from France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. Many of the life sciences investigations were performed using two facilities and some add included a cooler/freezer combination, one incubator for the 18-30 degree C range, a second incubator for the 30-40 C range, and a glove box; and the Vestibular Sled which included the sled unit, the human vestibular system experiment, and the space motion sickness experiment. The single navigation/communications investigation (NAVEX), included a clock synchronization and time distribution experiment, and a one-way distance measurement experiment. The Long Module contained three Spacelab double racks for the materials science facilities and three single racks for life sciences investigations. The crew included NASA mission specialists and two foreign payload specialists. Useful data were collected from almost all investigations. The spacecraft was gravity-gradient stabilized.

[edit] EVA

[edit] Payload

Spacelab D-1 with habitable module and 76 experiments. Six of the eight crew members were divided into a blue and red team working 12-hour shifts for 24-hour-a-day operation. The remaining two crew members were "switch hitters."

Mission patch: