14. How strong and tough is the spaceship and why? (A K2S Question)

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A spacecraft must be able to withstand the forces generated during launch, and if it is to return to Earth, those of re-entry as well. These are usually greater than those encountered in space. During launch the loads are mainly due to boost acceleration forces and aerodynamic forces as speed is built up. During entry, loads are mainly due to aerodynamic forces. In addition, there are loads due to acoustic noise (sound) during launch and entry. In the case of the Shuttle, the forces are those associated with the following: acceleration of 3 g's (or three times the force of gravity on Earth); aerodynamic loads of 580 pounds per square foot; and acoustic energy of 163 decibels (about as loud as standing next to a jet aircraft at take off). The spacecraft structure is designed to withstand these forces, usually with a safety margin of 40 percent to 50 percent. (Ref.1)

Ref 1.NASA, National Space Transportation System Reference, Volume 1 Systems and Facilities, June 1988. This document is available on the Internet at: http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/stsreftoc.html#sts-umbilical-doors

Answer provided by Jon H. Brown


Image:K2S logosmall.jpg Question and Answer extracted from the book Kids to Space - by Lonnie Schorer


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