Contents of Spaceflight Magazine Volume 32

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VOL. 32 NO.1 JANUARY 1990
SOVIET UNION WAS FAR BEHIND IN 1960s MOON RACE. 2
THE SOVIET SHUTTLE STORY. 4
SOVIETS PLAN TO 'SCUTTLE' SALYUT-7. 7
SOVIETS OUTLINE MANNED MISSIONS FOR 1990. 8
KVANT-2 DOCKS WITH MIR. 9
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of world space news. 12
THE NEXT 40 YEARS IN SPACE Dr Thomas O. Paine reviews the prospects for the next 40 years in space. 14
BRITONS SET FOR SPACE The Juno Mission has selected Timothy Mace and Helen Sharman to train for the 1991 Anglo-Soviet space flight. 18
SPACE IN THE 1990S This month is the first in the new decade. Spaceflight looks forward to the many spectacular space events in the 1990s. 21
SOCIETY NEWS. 25
SATELLITE DIGEST Spaceflight's regular look at satellite launches around the world. 30
STS-33 MISSION REPORT The Space Shuttle Discovery blasted off into the Florida night sky on November 22 on a classified military mission. Spaceflight has the details. 32
Book Notices. 36
VOL. 32 NO.2 FEBRUARY 1990
JUNO TRAINING BEGINS AT STAR CITY The two Juno candidates, Tim Mace and Helen Sharman, have began training for the 1991 Anglo-Soviet space mission. During a brief break in his busy schedule Tim Mace spoke to Spaceflight about living and working in Star City. 38
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of space news from around the world. 41
STS-32 UPDATE As this issue went to press Columbia's LDEF recovery mission was underway. Spaceflight has the latest reports on this exciting mission. 46
SOVIET SPACE WALKS UNDERWAY Cosmonauts Viktorenko and Serebrov have began a series of five space walks from the Mir orbiting complex. 48
MANNED SYSTEMS FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM What part will Europe play in the manned exploration of the Solar System? An article by E. Vallerani, G. Viriglio and S. Lioy of Aeritalia. 50
INTERNATIONAL SPACE UNIVERSITY G. Lynwood May and John Bird describe the work of the International Space University. 54
Book Notices 60 Space at JPL Reports from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California from Dr. W.I. McLaughlin. 58
SOCIETY NEWS Includes a report of the Society's British Solid Propellant Rocketry Meeting. 64
SPACE IN THE 1990s Spaceflight concludes its report on the events we can look forward to in the 1990s. 67
INTO SPACE 'Following the Soviet Manned Space Programme over Short Wave Radio' by George Spited. 70
VOL. 32 NO.3 MARCH 1990
INTERNATIONAL Space Report 78 MIR MISSION REPORT Regular Spaceflight contributor Neville Kidger brings us up to date with events aboard the Mir Space Station. 74
Correspondence 84
Book Notices. 86
STS-32 MISSION REPORT A full report on the record-breaking mission of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Including interviews with astronauts Dan Brandenstein and Bonnie Dunbar. 88
INTO SPACE Shuttle Watching - An article by Curtis Peebles describes the experience of watching a Shuttle land at Edwards Air Force Base in California. A Collection of Historic Spacecraft Models - Ron Miller writes about his undertaking to build up a collection of manned spacecraft model s. The BIS Manned Orbital Rocket - Lee Staton was asked by Ron Miller to create a model of the BIS Manned Orbital Rocket for his collection. In this item he describes the construction of the model. 96
SATELLITE DIGEST Our regular look at satellite launches around the world. 100
JUNO IN TOP GEAR TO MEET EXPERIMENT DEADLINE Spaceflight is briefed by Professor Heinz Wolff on the work to prepare the Juno scientific equipment for a Progress launch in the Autumn. 102
DESIGNER MISHIN SPEAKS ON EARLY SOVIET SPACE PROGRAMMES AND THE MANNED LUNAR PROJECT Former Chief Designer of the Soviet space programme, Vasily Mishin, in a frank interview with Pravda, speaks about areas that have been taboo for sometime, including the accidents in the space programme and the failure o f the manned lunar project. 104
SOCIETY NEWS Includes the latest details about the Society's SPACE '90 meeting which will be held in Hastings in September. 107
VOL. 32 NO.4 APRIL 1990
STS-36 MISSION REPORT The Space Shuttle Atlantis blasted off from the Kennedy Space Center on February 28 carrying a classified DoD satellite. Spaceflight has the details. 110
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of space news from around the world. 113
STS-31 PREVIEW The Hubble Space Telescope is finally set for launch on Shuttle flight STS-31. A preview of this long-awaited mission. 119
COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORT IN THE US J.R. French reviews the prospects for companies just breaking into the space transport market in the US. 120
SATELLITE DIGEST Spaceflight's regular look at satellite launches around the world. 123
NEW SPACE CAREERS FOR FORMER MILITARY MISSILES Joel W. Powell and Lee Caldwell report on the operation to convert former Titan II ICBMs into launch vehicles. 124
PHOBOS RADIATION RESULTS ANNOUNCED Brian Harvey reports from Dublin on the results from an Irish experiment flown on the Soviet Union's Phobos-2 probe. 126
IF DARKNESS FALLS Joan Johnson-Freese and Roger Handberg report on the consequences of a United States no-go on a hypersonic vehicle. 128
AMERICA TAKES A LONG MARCH INTO SPACE Lawrence Stern and Jack High look at the background behind President Bush's decision to allow the launch of US-built satellites on Chinese rockets. 132
ARIANE FLIGHTS SUSPENDED Following the loss of Ariane V36 Arianespace has suspended all future Ariane missions until the cause of the accident can be determined. 138
ARIANE'S SEVEN SATELLITE LAUNCH Just prior to the loss of Ariane V36 an Ariane 4 successfully placed seven satellites in orbit, including the SPOT-2 earth observation satellite. 140
SOCIETY NEWS. 143
VOL. 32 NO.5 MAY 1990
SPACE COMMERCE '90 News from the Space Commerce '90 exhibition and conference held at Montreux, Switzerland in late March. 146
UPDATE USA Budget Stability is Crucial for Space Station Success Says Top NASA Official - Shuttle May Rescue Stranded Satellite - NASA Plans Extended Duration Shuttle Missions - Atlantis in Good Condition Despite Hydraulic Leak. 152
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of space news from around the world includes: US Spy Satellite Fails Say Soviets - Asiasat Blasts Off From China - Israelis Launch Second Satellite - China Faces Commercial Launch Ban -Japanese Spacecraft Enters Lunar Orbit - Pegasus Rockets to Success s - Satellite Digest - Blocked Water Line Caused Ariane Explosion - Juno Faces Funding Crisis. 156
EXPANDING THE VISIBLE UNIVERSE: STORY OF THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE Neil Pattie takes a look at the long awaited Hubble Space Telescope, due for launch in April. 160
SERVICING THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE The Hubble Space Telescope will be regularly refurbished during visiting Space Shuttle missions. 164
Space at JPL Reports from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory from Dr. W.I. McLaughlin. 166
SHUTTLE POISED FOR ASTRONOMY MISSION The Space Shuttle Columbia is due to make a nine day mission in May carrying a battery of telescopes. Spaceflight previews this mission, the first Spacelab flight since the Challenger accident. 172
SHUTTLE UPDATE Construction of the new Shuttle Endeavour is now 70 percent complete. The work is ahead of schedule and under budget. 176
Book Notices 178
SOCIETY NEWS. 180
VOL. 32 NO.6 JUNE 1990
PALAPA RETURNS TO ORBIT The Palapa B-2R satellite blasted off from Cape Canaveral on April 13. The satellite was originally launched by the Space Shuttle in 1984. However, its upper stage failed placing it in the wrong orbit and it was recovered on a later Shuttle mission. The satellite has now returned to its rightful place in orbit. 182
COLUMBIA LAUNCH DELAYED The launch of the Space Shuttle Columbia has been delayed due to a faulty coolant system valve. During the STS-35 mission the astronauts will attempt to communication with the Soviet Union's Mir space station. 184
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of space news from around the world. 187
SOVIET SCENE Neville Kidger presents a round-up of Soviet news. The Kristall module launch has been delayed until June 1. 192
INVITATION TO MIR BRINGS NEW CHALLENGES FOR GERMAN ASTRONAUT CORPS In 1992 two West German astronauts will fly in space: one on the US Shuttle the other on the Soviet Mir station. Daniel Fischer reports. 194
STS-31 MISSION REPORT: A NEW WINDOW ON THE UNIVERSE The Space Shuttle Discovery deployed the long awaited Hubble Space Telescope during a five-day mission in April. The telescope will increase the visible Universe 350 times. Spaceflight presents a special report on this historic mission, including interviews with astronauts Steve Hawley and Kathy Sullivan. 196
DISCOVERY TESTS NEW BRAKES At the conclusion of STS-31, Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base using new carbon brakes. The new brakes should pave the way for the first landing at the Kennedy Space Center since the Challenger accident. 207
Correspondence Readers letters. 208
Book Notices Reviews of the latest space books. 210
INTO SPACE Includes: 'Eyewitness to Space' Peter Eickmeyer, a BIS member, presents a short feature on his space art and 'Profile: Frank H. Winter' a long standing Fellow of the Society. 212
SOCIETY NEWS British Aerospace to present findings of review at Society's SPACE '90. 215
VOL. 32 NO.7 JULY 1990
COSMONAUTS FACE DIFFICULT REPAIR JOB Soviet cosmonauts Anatoli Solovyov and Aleksandr Balandin will make a difficult space walk to repair their damaged Soyuz craft. 218
SHUTTLE UPDATE The launch of Columbia on mission STS-35 has been delayed until mid-August. The postponement will disrupt the Shuttle scheduled for the rest of the year. 220
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of space news from around the world. 222
MIR MISSION REPORT Neville Kidger continues his regular report on the Soviet manned space programme. This month he covers the first spacewalk using the cosmonauts manoeuvring unit and the launch of Soyuz TM-9. 228
SOVIET LUNAR LANDER REVEALED A group of US scientists were able to photograph hardware from the Soviet Union's manned lunar programme. A special photo report. 234
THE SOVIET UNMANNED SPACE FLEET For many years the Soviet Union has operated a fleet of unmanned spacecraft that study the Earth and conduct material processing experiments. Neville Kidger takes a look at these impressive spacecraft. 236
SOVIET ROCKET ENGINE OVERVIEW In this article Philip S. Clark presents details of the engines that power the impressive range of Soviet launch vehicles. 240
INTERNATIONAL X-RAY OBSERVATORY LAUNCHED The ROSAT observatory, a joint West German/UK/US project, was launched on June 1. 244
SATELLITE DIGEST Spaceflight's regular look at satellite launches around the world. 246
SPACE STATION UPDATE A round up of news on the international space station effort. 247
Correspondence 248
SOCIETY NEWS. 251
VOL. 32 NO.8 AUGUST 1990
SOYUZ TM-9 LATEST The damage to Soyuz TM-9 could be more severe than first reports indicated. 254
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of space news from around the world, including our regular Satellite Digest. 256
SHUTTLE FLEET GROUNDED NASA has grounded the US Shuttle fleet after liquid hydrogen leaks were discovered in two of its orbiters. Engineers are racing against the clock to pinpoint the leak. 264
INTELSAT: 25 YEARS OF SPACE COOPERATION INTELSAT is celebrating the 25th anniversary of the launch of its first communications satellite. INTELSAT Director General Dean Burch reviews the Organisation's achievements. 266
Book Notices. 268
SPACE TELESCOPE SHOCK NASA has discovered a major flaw in one of the Hubble Space Telescope mirrors. How did it happen and what is being done to correct it?. 270
THE ROCKY SOVIET ROAD TO MARS Larry Klaes reports on the Soviet efforts to explore the Red Planet. 273
BRITISH EYE IN SPACE The West German ROSAT observatory is carrying a British telescope that will explore the Universe in the extreme ultraviolet radiation. Project Manager, Alan Wells, reports. 283
SOCIETY NEWS. 286
VOL. 32 NO.9 SEPTEMBER 1990
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of space news from around the world including Satellite Digest. 290
SPACE STATION UPDATE NASA has revealed that the current design for Space Station Freedom is over-weight, drawing too much power and requires an unacceptable amount of space walks to maintain it. 296
ATLAS GOES COMMERCIAL General Dynamics is celebrating the first commercial launch of its Atlas I booster. The company successfully placed the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite into geostationary transfer orbit for NASA and the US Air Force. 298
FIXING THE SHUTTLE NASA believes it has found the cause of the liquid hydrogen leaks on the Space Shuttle's Columbia and Atlantis. 306
ASTRO MISSION NOW SET FOR SEPTEMBER The Space Shuttle Columbia is now set for launch with the Astro observatory in early September. The mission will spend nine to ten days observing the sky in the ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths. 309
MIR MISSION REPORT Neville Kidger presents his latest report on the activities aboard the Soviet Union's Mir space station. 311
NASA FACES SECOND RTG BATTLE US anti-nuclear groups will attempt to block the October launch of the Ulysses probe because of the spacecraft's nuclear power source. Spaceflight takes a look at the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) at the centre of this controversy. 314
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BRITISH INTERPLANETARY SOCIETY The President of the British Interplanetary Society reports a successful year. 318
SOCIETY NEWS. 323
VOL. 32 NO.10 OCTOBER 1990
FARNBOROUGH '90 First reports from this year's Farnborough Air Show. The news is dominated by the British Aerospace announcement that the Soviets are to join the Hotol project. 326
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of space news from around the world includes: Latest Ariane Launch - New Launch Contracts - New Delta Launch - Quayle Pep Talk - Inmarsat 2 Set for Launch - Satellite Digest. 328
Space at JPL Dr W.I. McLaughlin brings us up to date with the latest news from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. Includes: Magellan Orbits Venus, Edward C. Stone to Lead JPL - Voyager Looks Back. 334
SOCIETY MEETINGS DIARY Meetings planned by the British Interplanetary Society. 341
STS-41 PREVIEW: SHUTTLE FACES LAUNCH CHALLENGE The launch of STS-41 poses one of the greatest Challenges the Shuttle programme has yet encountered. The Discovery crew is due to deploy the Ulysses probe, a joint ESA/NASA project. The mission has a launch window just 19 days long. 342
STS-35 UPDATE Space Shuttle Columbia has ran into more problems and mission STS-35 has again been delayed. Spaceflight has the latest news. 348
MIR MISSION REPORT Neville Kidger presents his latest report on Soviet manned space activities. 349
SOVIET SPACE PLANES As the USSR joins the British Hotol project, Dennis Newkirk reviews the history of Soviet space plane projects. 350
Book Notices. 356
HUBBLE IMAGES RAISE HOPES The latest images from the Hubble Space Telescope have raised hopes that the observatory will still perform useful science despite its focusing problem. 358
VOL. 32 NO.11 NOVEMBER 1990
MAGELLAN UNVEILS VENUS The Magellan probe has returned some stunning images of the surface of Venus since it began mapping operations on September 15. 342
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of space news from around the world. 346
SATELLITE DIGEST Spaceflight's regular look at satellite launches around the world. 351
FARNBOROUGH '90 More reports from this year's Farnborough Air Show. 352
PAVING THE WAY FOR SPACE GARDENS Pat Phillips reports from the Kennedy Space Center on a NASA project to build a prototype 'space garden' to feed astronauts. 354
SOVIET SCENE Coverage of the Soviet space programme. 357
THE SPACE SHUTTLE'S LONG HARD SUMMER NASA has been unable to launch a Space Shuttle since April. Spaceflight reviews the problems the space agency has encountered this summer. 358
STS-41 UPDATE Latest reports on STS-41 the mission to deploy the Ulysses solar polar probe. 362
Correspondence Readers letters. 365
Book Notices 370 SOCIETY NEWS Includes a report on the Society's AGM. 368
VOL. 32 NO.12 DECEMBER 1990
SPACE STATION BUDGET AXED Major NASA Projects have come under the budget axe. The space station has been hardest hit. Congress has instructed NASA to redesign the station. 376
INTERNATIONAL Space Report This month's comprehensive report of space news from around the world, including Satellite Digest. 379
STS-38 PREVIEW On mission STS-38, the Space Shuttle Atlantis will deploy a classified Department of Defense Payload to spy on the Gulf region. 385
SPACE AT J P L Featuring: Ulysses Launched, Venus Survey continues and Astronomy from Oxford. Dr W.I. McLaughlin reports from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 388
SOYUZ TM-11 PREVIEW A Japanese television reporter is set to fly to the Mir space station in December. Spaceflight has the details. 393
STEPS TO SPACE Roy Gibson's theme paper for the British Interplanetary Society's SPACE '90 meeting. 394
STS-41 MISSION REPORT After a six-month launch hiatus the Space Shuttle has returned to flight in spectacular fashion. During its four-day mission, Discovery successfully deployed Europe's Ulysses solar polar orbiter. Astronauts Richard Richards and William Shepherd briefed Spaceflight on the mission. 396
Book Notices 406
SOCIETY NEWS Featuring the Society's SPACE '90 meeting. 408