July 1965
From The Space Library
The support of science in the U.S. was discussed by Dael Wolfle in the Scientific American: "From 1953 until 1960 about 8 percent of the Nation's research and development budget was devoted to basic research. The percentage has been rising since 1960, reaching almost 12 percent in 1965. As for the Federal Government's funds, in 1953, less than 7 percent went for basic research. The figure has been rising since 1960, to about 11 percent in 1965. The universities are relatively much more prominent in basic research than in the total research and development effort, being responsible for almost half of all basic research. In contrast the industrial laboratories, which dominate in development activity, conduct only about a fourth of the basic research." (CR, 7/14/65, A3760-61)
Inventors of Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, lunar landing simulator referred to as "the belching spider," in use at NASA Flight Research Center, were granted a patent. Built by Bell Aerosystems Co. under contract to NASA, the research craft had a jet engine that supported five-sixths of its weight; the pilot would manipulate lift rockets that would support the remaining one-sixth. The craft's attitude would be controlled with jets of hydrogen peroxide, Inventors were Kenneth L. Levin and John G. Allen, Jr., of the Bell staff. (Jones, NYT, 7/3/65, 23)
U.S.S.R. satellites ELECTRON I and ELECTRON II were among the new exhibits in the "Kosmos" (Space) Pavillion at the Soviet exposition on achievements of the U.S.S.R. national economy, reported Kryl'ya rodiny. These satellites, launched to study the near-earth radiation belts, were said to have made it possible for Soviet scientists to safeguard the cosmonauts during their flights in this region. (Kryl'ya rodiny, 7/65, 1)
In answer to the query, "What is an orbital analyst?" an article in The Airman said: "The complex tasks of the analyst involve the use of a high order of mathematics, laws of celestial mechanics, and adaptation of orbital analysis problems to high-speed scientific computer solutions. These highly specialized activities are absolutely essential to carrying out the vast mission of the Air Force SPACETRACK system: detection, tracking, and identification of all man-made objects orbiting the earth." (Airman, 7/65, 24)
Fortune magazine recounted the story of the development of the Lear jet-a small jet aircraft for the corporate market. William Lear, said the article, became the first man in history to design, build, and win certification for a jet airplane-all with his own money. (Fortune, 7/65, 137-140, 185)
Prospects for U.S.-European industrial cooperation in space were discussed in Air Force and Space Digest by Elmer P. Wheaton, Vice President of Lockheed Missiles & Space Co, Wheaton offered four "guiding principles" for any program of U.S.-European industrial effort: "The program to be jointly undertaken should avoid unnecessary duplication of an existing program... "The project or program should contribute to a better understanding of the space environment. ... "The program must provide a logical extension of our current space technology... "The program must not require such a substantial increase of knowledge in either the space environment or the space technology that it involves a high risk of failure... " Wheaton suggested: scientific areas that could be usefully investigated by Europe; advanced programs for "more distant European exploration"; and satellites that could be profitably developed by Europe -notably, applications satellites, In such company-to-company cooperation, contribution of the U.S. companies should be chiefly in space systems management. (AF Mag., 7/65, 53-57)
European contributions to international space communications were recommended by Dalimil Kybal, Senior Consulting Scientist, Lockheed Missiles & Space Co. Summary of his article in Air Force and Space Digest: "Contrary to the views of those Europeans who tend to think of European and American space communications systems as separate entities, existing international agreements clearly call for a global system. Europe, as it develops space technology skills, ought to concentrate on developing next-generation satellites as replacements for existing hardware, in keeping with the competitive approaches contemplated in the international agreement... " (AF Mag., 7/65, 60-61)
Soviet aircraft designer Oleg K. Antonov provided technical and performance specifications of the large An-22 aircraft during an interview conducted by J. Marmain for Wehr and Wirtschaft (W. Germany) : first flight was made in February 1965; aircraft shown at International Air Show, Paris, was transport model; considerable rebuilding, including 15-m, extension of the tail, would be required for the craft to accommodate 720 passengers. Antonov said his design office was not concerned with development of a passenger version of the An-22, a new version of the An-24 for 64 passengers, and a smaller special purpose aircraft. (Marmain, Wehr and Wirtschaft, 7/65, 390-91)
Paul Tillich, Protestant theologian, commenting upon the "Pacem in Terris" of Pope John XXIII, wrote: "A . . . genuine hope for peace is the technical union of mankind by the conquest of space, Of course, nearness can intensify hostility ; and the fact that the first manifestations of the technical oneness of the world were two world wars proves this possibility, But nearness can also have the opposite effect. It can change the image of the other as strange and dangerous; it can reduce self-affirmation and effect openness for other possibilities of human existence and-particularly as in the encounter of religions-of other possibilities of genuine faith." (Tillich, "The Limits of Peace," Chicago Today, Summary 1965, 2-5)
More than 10,000 natural scientists, social scientists, and engineers were admitted to the U.S. as immigrants during fiscal years 1962 and 1963, according to National Science Foundation. (NSF Reviews . . ., 7/65)
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